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Debate: Genetically modified salmon
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Revision as of 21:41, 3 December 2010 (edit) Nogmosalmon (Talk | contribs) (→Con) ← Previous diff |
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====Con==== | ====Con==== | ||
- | Health Risks | + | '''Problems Overlooked by FDA Regarding Approval of GM Salmon''' |
- | 1) Increase Cancer Risks | + | |
- | AquaBounty has reported that AquAdvantage salmon has 35% higher levels of IGF-1 (a growth hormone) than natural salmon. This is problematic because studies show that there are connections between increased levels of IGF-1 in blood and risk of colon, prostate, and premenopausal breast cancer. Similar levels of IGF-1 have been found in milk due to the bovine growth hormone rGBH which has caused cancer in humans. rGBH is now banned in the EU, much of the rest of the developed world, and many U.S. grocery chains will not carry it. | + | |
+ | [[Increase Cancer Risks]] | ||
+ | Currently, 1 in 6 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime and 1 in 8 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. According to a recent study, men who were given IGF-1 as an aging supplement had almost twice the risk of cancer death . This finding is consistent with breast cancer in women. | ||
- | Currently, 1 in 6 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime and 1 in 8 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. According to a recent study, men who were given IGF-1 as an aging supplement had almost twice the risk of cancer death. This finding is consistent with breast cancer in women. | + | Assumption: There are 23 million salmon consumers, of which 50% men, 50% women |
- | + | ||
- | If we assume there is even a 1% cancer increase for high consumption salmon eaters, we see increased numbers of cases and additional healthcare costs: | + | |
+ | Assuming a 1% cancer risk increase: | ||
Men | Men | ||
- | High risk of cancer (salmon consumption 8x/month): 150 cases of prostate cancer. | + | High risk of cancer (salmon consumption 8xs/month): 150 cases of prostate cancer |
- | Moderate risk of cancer (salmon consumption 1x/month): 2,300 cases of prostate cancer. | + | Moderate risk of cancer (consume salmon 1/month): 2,300 cases of prostate cancer |
- | Healthcare costs: $42,750 to treat prostate cancer and $25,000 quality of life costs including additional healthcare interventions and side effects. | + | |
Women | Women | ||
- | High risk of cancer (salmon consumption 8x/month): 113 cases of breast cancer. | + | High risk of cancer (salmon consumption 8xs/month): 113 cases of breast cancer |
- | Moderate risk of cancer (salmon consumption 1x/month): 1910 cases of breast cancer. | + | Moderate risk of cancer (consume salmon 1/month): 1,910 cases of breast cancer |
- | Healthcare costs: $60,000 to treat, $25,000 quality of life costs (e.g. breast reconstruction and physical therapy). | + | |
Total Cost of Salmon-related Cancer cases | Total Cost of Salmon-related Cancer cases | ||
- | Men: $166 million | + | Men: $166 mill (Assuming cost to treat prostate cancer is $42,750/person) |
- | Women: $162 million | + | Women: $162 mill (Assuming cost to treat breast cancer is $60,000/person) |
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+ | [[Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria]] (ARB) | ||
+ | ARB transfers from livestock to humans. Due to this transfer of bacteria, there is a $4 Billion annual increase in healthcare costs. Assuming each American eats 182.5 lbs of meat per year, there would an additional $22 million spent on healthcare costs per lb. Assuming ARB transfers from salmon at same rate and GM salmon becomes 50% of national supply in 5yrs, annual health care costs will increase by $22 million. | ||
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+ | ''Click "edit" and write arguments here'' | ||
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+ | '''Notes/References:''' | ||
+ | Randall Lutter and Katherine Tucker, "Unacknowledged Health Benefits of Genetically Modified Food: Salmon and Heart Disease Deaths", AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies; Tufts University http://www.agbioforum.org/v5n2/v5n2a04-lutter.htm | ||
- | 2) Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) | ||
- | Growing resistance to antibiotics are dangerous because ARBs can be transferred from fish to human. ARB transfers are already reported from livestock to humans. Due to this transfer of bacteria, there is a $4 billion annual increase in healthcare costs. Assuming each American eats 182.5 lbs of meat per year, there would be an additional $22 million spent on healthcare costs per lb. Assuming ARB transfers from salmon at same rate and GM salmon becomes 50% of national supply in 5 years, the average GM salmon consumption per person per year would be 1 lb. Annual healthcare costs will increase by $22 million. | ||
- | Notes/References: Randall Lutter and Katherine Tucker, "Unacknowledged Health Benefits of Genetically Modified Food: Salmon and Heart Disease Deaths", AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies; Tufts University http://www.agbioforum.org/v5n2/v5n2a04-lutter.htm | ||
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and breast cancer risk: pooled individual data analysis of 17 prospective studies. The Lancet Oncology, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 530 - 542, June 2010 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and breast cancer risk: pooled individual data analysis of 17 prospective studies. The Lancet Oncology, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 530 - 542, June 2010 | ||
- | Antibiotics used in meat pose a threat to public health, admits FDA. October 22, 2010 David Gutierrez http://www.naturalnews.com/030132_antibiotics_meat.html | ||
- | Cancer Prevention Coalition http://www.preventcancer.com/consumers/general/milk.htm Hormone Thought to Slow Aging Associated With Increased Risk of Cancer Death: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100301091417.htm. March 10, 2010. | ||
+ | Antibiotics used in meat pose a threat to public health, admits FDA. October 22, 2010 David Gutierrez | ||
+ | http://www.naturalnews.com/030132_antibiotics_meat.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cancer Prevention Coalition | ||
+ | http://www.preventcancer.com/consumers/general/milk.htm | ||
+ | Hormone Thought to Slow Aging Associated With Increased Risk of Cancer Death: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100301091417.htm. March 10, 2010. | ||
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When AquaBounty’s monopoly ends new companies will enter the market, and it will be increasingly difficult to regulate the containment of GM salmon. Competing firms will be incentivized to lower their marginal costs, creating an environment that is innovative and less risk averse. | When AquaBounty’s monopoly ends new companies will enter the market, and it will be increasingly difficult to regulate the containment of GM salmon. Competing firms will be incentivized to lower their marginal costs, creating an environment that is innovative and less risk averse. | ||
- | Precautionary Principle: | + | Precautionary Principle: |
- | + | “Action should be taken to correct a problem as soon as there is evidence that harm may occur, not after the harm has already occurred.” | |
- | [[Image:slide21.jpg]] | + | --Cass Sunstein |
Another concern are problems with Inland Aquaculture: | Another concern are problems with Inland Aquaculture: | ||
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- | [[Image:Slide27.jpg]] | + | |
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====Con==== | ====Con==== | ||
- | Economic Benefits | + | ''Click "edit" and write arguments here'' |
- | The economic benefits most often cited in the pro-GM argument fail to consider the fact that AquaBounty will act as a monopoly: | + | |
+ | Several contingent valuation (CV) surveys indicate willingness to pay (WTP) for saving an endangered species range from $6 to $95 depending on species. | ||
+ | Assuming 223 million adults in the United States. | ||
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+ | Value of Wild Salmon | ||
+ | LOW CV at $6 $1.3 Billion | ||
+ | HIGH CV at $95 $21.2 Billion | ||
+ | Another economic issue with legalizing GM salmon is that since AquaBounty (AB) currently holds the patent rights to produce GM salmon, AB will be a price setter because they have the patent rights. AB has no incentive to lower price until competing GM salmon enters the market. '''The overall price for salmon will not lower right away.''' | ||
[[Image:slide8.jpg]] | [[Image:slide8.jpg]] |
Revision as of 21:41, 3 December 2010
Should the FDA approve the sale of genetically modified salmon in the US? |
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