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Toulmin model
From Debatepedia
The Toulmin Model is a way of analysing an argument. It was developed by Stephen Toulmin. According to the Toulmin Model, the parts of an argument are the claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal, and reservation. Though it is not required, the Toulmin model is highly favored on the English language AP examination for the argumentation essay.
General Form
The Toulmin model has been deemed effective because unlike the syllogism, which is true in every case, the Toulmin model takes context into account and not all conditions of the argument need to be true to make it viable.
Parts of an argument
Claim
Thesis.
Data
Backup for the claim.
Warrant
Shows why data supports claim.
Backing
Utilizing additional facts or reasoning to legitimize the warrant.
Qualifier
The qualifier is an adverbial phrase or word that diminishes the strength of a claim <ref>Inch, Warnick, Endres, Critial Thinking and Communication, 39.</ref>
Rebuttal
A counter argument
Reservation
Limitations of the argument which specifically invalidate the warrant.
References
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